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History of the German Shepherd
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Captain Max von Stephanitz
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Breed
History
On the evening of April 22, 1936, there sped through the Shepherd Dog
world the shocking report that Captain von Stephanitz had died
unexpectedly. It is true that in February and March he had been
indisposed, but he was so far restored to health again that he was able to
resume his literary tasks. He sat at his desk and had even finished a
cynological work when death suddenly overtook him. It was a strange
caprice of fate that called home Captain von Stephanitz on April 22nd.
For that was the day on which was founded the former Verein für Deutsches
Schäferhunde, our present Section (German Shepherd Dog Section of the
Reichsverband f.d. Deutsche Hundewesen). Captain von Stephanitz had
always hoped to die "in the service of the SV". Unfortunately that was
not granted. A year before he was obliged for reasons of health to give
up the direction of affairs and some months later to lay down his office.
Anyone who afterwards observed him as judge or at his duty as Körmeister
(breed inspector) could believe that the disturbance to his health was
relieved but the illness was deep-seated and severe, as most of us had
known. And so the end came quickly and unexpectedly. The deceased had
attained the biblical age span and had experienced the greatest happiness
of laboring humanity which comes when a man develops his life's work to
the highest pitch and sees it recognized upon all sides. |
| Captain von
Stephanitz observed the conditions of German dogdom during the final
decade of the nineteenth century. At this time associations had been
founded for most of the German breeds which had set pure breeding and the
betterment of the race as their aim. There was lacking, however, an
organization to promote the very breed which Captain von Stephanitz
considered the best in origin and working characteristics, namely the
German Shepherd. He called together some like-minded fanciers and on
April 22, 1899, founded the Verein für Deutsches Schäferhunde. At the
organization meeting he was chosen the leader of the Verein and remained
president until July 1, 1935. He possessed the best qualifications for
the work which can be imagined. As a cavalry officer he was well versed
in the critical examination of horses. Its theory of the mechanics of
movement and the different working breeds of horses was known to him down
to the smallest detail and had only to be applied to dogs. |
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Furthermore, he had a
natural eye for breed questions which, coupled with a practical breeder's
point of view, provided the vision and foresight of which the breed had
need. Proof of this are the breed standard of the German Shepherd Dog set
up during the first period after the establishment of the Verein and the
outline for its breeding which were laid down in such comprehensive and
many sided form that their validity has been recognized even to the
present day. Through his practical judging operations, the deceased
carried out in practice the theoretically accepted rules in his long years
of activity in the Verein. At first a few, later an increasing number of
co-workers were so trained and influenced by him that they were able to
absorb the standards set up by their master for breeding and race and
could in their turn likewise carry them out in practice.
To
these activities devoted to race and breeding questions the deceased
brought a second unusual qualification for his office. This was his great
gift for organization. From the beginning he had so organized his Verein
and established it on a basis conformable to rule that this work also
needed only completion but no essential alteration. When today we cast a
glance backwards and see what the deceased already considered and partly
foresaw over thirty years ago we are astonished at his work and his
foresight and gratefully thank the author of all these things. |

The original Rin-Tin-Tin (sable color)
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Head of a Wolf

Head of a German Shepherd Dog
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Under these favorable
circumstances success could not be lacking. The German Shepherd Dog,
which until then had been like a rose blushing unseen, became well-known
through Herr von Stephanitz and through its excellent qualities was
esteemed by an ever greater number of fanciers. Membership in the Verein
rose from year to year as new breeders were added, and the number of
Shepherd Dogs at shows took a continuously upward line. It was not long
before the German Shepherded Dog outstripped all other breeds and took the
lead in all canine affairs. German Shepherd Dog fanciers were not limited
to Germany.
Foreign countries also gave attention to this German breed. First it was
introduced into the countries adjoining Germany, but soon crossed the seas
to England and America and now in the latest period has extended to the
Far East, so that one can truthfully say it has circled the globe. It is
idle to dispute in that regard whether the splendid qualities of the breed
caused this wide popularity or whether the efforts of Herr von Stephanitz
accomplished this result. Both naturally played some part but neither
would have attained such tremendous success without the other and
consequently to our founder and president of many years is due the renown
of "his dog" not only in Germany but also throughout the whole world and
"his child, the SV" he made into the greatest canine organization in the
world.
The
care of the deceased for the German Shepherd Dog did not concern itself
only with the questions of breeding and organization of the Verein without
considering ways and means to maintain and improve the qualities of the
dog. Herr von Stephanitz early recognized that to retain the natural
character of the breed the best means was work, and that dogs confined to
the kennel must soon lose their good qualities. Because the true old-time
work of our dogs, service with the flocks, became impossible for the
overwhelming majority owing to the tremendous spread of the breed, since
opportunities for work with the flocks were lacking, this true
Mentor of the breed concluded to open up other fields of
work. |
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As transition he
introduced during the early years training contests in which the dogs were
tested for obedience and activity. From these important divisions of work
developed very early. Herr von Stephanitz pleaded for the use of dogs by
the police and other authorities. At first his efforts were opposed and
laughed at. Gradually he prevailed by his unflagging efforts and
succeeded in interesting the various authorities in the use of dogs for
service, and gradually the introduction of service dogs was accomplished.
When we view today our expanded system of dogs on duty, which the younger
fanciers now take for granted, we must admire the achievement of Herr von
Stephanitz here also. We older fanciers remember well enough the difficult
negotiations and struggles which had to be carried on in behalf of the
service dog and know that because of his pioneer work in this field, the
deceased must be regarded as the Father of the service dog system in
Germany.
It
was clearly proper that the largest specialty club should also be called
to play an authoritative role in the general affairs of
dogdom. As so frequently happens in life to those whose labor has
achieved great success, on the other hand, it was attached and vilified.
Envy and malice played played their part here also in rendering the task
of Herr von Stephanitz more difficult. But in his case his opponents had
caught the wrong man; and while in defense he often struck hard it was not
by chance out of personal vindictiveness by only to further the success of
the point of view which he believed in. Here also he won the victory. In
the Deutsche Kartell für Hundewesen, of which the SV was among the charter
members, Herr von Stephanitz had a decisive influence. His executive
ability bore fruit here also. And likewise in today's Reichsverband für
das Deutsche Hundewesen he was a valued collaborator whose word carried
weight.
A
special quality of the deceased which we ought to remember was his
extensive literary activity. The numerous little essays which today play
a big part in canine literature were crowned by that great work, "The
German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture," which appeared in eight
editions. In his searching and comprehensive way he included everything
related to the German Shepherd Dog: from the origin and relationship of
shepherd and herding dogs through species and uses, breeding, rearing and
handling, judging, education, and housing, up to show and training
fixtures, buying and selling and shipping by rail. The work, replete with
numerous illustrations, and written in an exceptionally striking style, is
of importance not only to Shepherd Dog fanciers but is of great value to
all dog lovers. It has received on all sides the honorable title of the
"canine bible". An English edition made the work available to the many
friends of our breed in England and America. |
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Natural History Of The Shepherd Dog
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A
remarkable chance ordained that the death of Herr von Stephanitz almost
coincided with the year's national championship show in Cologne. The
undersigned was commissioned to open the proceedings of the dog congress
on the day before the show. Under the fresh impact of the fatal news he
could not but begin the opening speech with the announcement of Herr von
Stephanitz's death. Of its own accord the assembled crowd rose to its
feet and listened in silence to the sorrowful news. |
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On the first day of the
show the judging was interrupted at four o'clock in the afternoon and the
exhibitors and their dogs were assembled in the but judging ring for the
Open Dog class.
The
undersigned delivered a short speech: "Members of the Section for German
Shepherd Dogs: I herewith officially announce that on April 22nd of this
year the founder and president for many years of our Section, Captain Max
von Stephanitz, retired, died suddenly. In token of the value of his
extraordinary service to our Section and our breed we are interrupting our
work for a minute of silent commemoration. We raise our in the German
salutation and salute our dead captain." After the moment of silence had
passed, the undersigned ordered the dogs present to "speak". Loud and
clear their voices sounded over the show grounds in a last greeting to the
creator of the breed.
On
Monday, the 27th of April, Captain von Stephanitz was escorted to his last
rest. The funeral ceremony took place at the crematory at Berlin-Wilmersdorf.
At the head of the coffin lay a helmet and sword, while the foot was
adorned by a bronze Shepherd dog. The coffin was framed by many wreaths.
After the undersigned had made the funeral speech the coffin was lowered
to the strains of the old soldier song "Ich hatt einin Kameraden" (I had a
comrade).
Germany
had lost one of her greatest dog authorities! |
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